Public Health and Medicine in British India:
نویسنده
چکیده
In the years between 1760 and 1860, India was the main focus of European colonial expansion. Under the auspices of the East India Company, the British annexed territory, first, in Bengal and southern India, and later in the north and west of the subcontinent. The north-eastern territories of Assam and Sikkim were also brought under British rule during the nineteenth century, together with what was to become British Burma. After 1860 British expansion in South Asia was limited, but the British became far more involved in the lives of their colonial subjects. Even before the transfer of rule from the Company to the Crown in 1858, the British had begun to develop the subcontinent and to improve communications by building railways and establishing telegraph lines. In the coming years, their involvement deepened, as colonial revenues, and monies raised by new municipal bodies established by the British, were allotted to the construction of a modern infrastructure on Western lines. This entailed irrigation, agricultural improvements, the cleansing of towns and cities, and the establishment of hospitals and dispensaries. By the end of the nineteenth century, the British boasted that they had brought civilisation to India and had implanted among Indians the desire for further reform. Many Britons had come to believe that this was their primary role in India. The medical scientist Sir Ronald Ross, who won a Nobel prize for his discovery of the mosquito vector of malaria, was convinced that British rule was essential to India's development. He believed that the British were
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